There are signs of prehistoric man in the region around Lezignan, in the caves on Mount Alaric and at Thezan but the first records of the town date back to the Gallo-Roman. Villa Licianus was a strategic stronghold on the via Aquitaine that linked Toulouse with the port of Narbonne. The Wisigoth invasion in the 9th century repopulated the town which continued to serve as an important regional cross roads and centre of commerce.

During the times of the Crusade against the Cathars Guy de Montfort, brother of Simon, set up base at the Chatellerie at Lezignan which he used as a centre for controlling the region. After the lighting raids of the Black Prince during the 100 year war the walls were strengthened to improve the defensive capabilities of the town.

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In 1519 the town was favoured with a royal crest of three "Fleur de lys"(Lilies) on a blue shield. For the next three hundred years Lezignan was a centre for both the military and of commerce. The town spread well beyond the walls, in 1719 the Comte de Belle-Isle was granted the Barony of Lezignan. However the 1789 revolution put pay to the aristocratic title and created the Canton of Lezignan. The walls, slowly crumbling through disrepair were finally pulled down in 1817 creating what is now the circle of Cours de la Republic, Boulevard Marx Dormoy, Boulevard Gabriel Peri and then round into Cours Lapeyrouse.

During the 19th century explosion of steam, Lezignan was the centre of a small rail network that pushed right up to Mouthemet and St Pierre in Les Corbieres.

Politically Lezignan has always been left of centre and this is reflected in the street names- Boulevard Marx Dormoy, Place Salvadore Allendre. The Parti Socialiste control the municipal council and the Parti Communiste, lead by a popular local Doctor do well in elections.